Pendidikan, Keterampilan, Produktivitas dan Pengalaman Kerja sebagai Determinan Upah Tenaga Kerja
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37058/wlfr.v7i1.331Keywords:
Wages, Human Capital, Education, Skill, ProductivityAbstract
This study aims to analyze the determinants of labor wages in Tangerang Regency by incorporating education, skills, productivity, and work experience as explanatory variables. Using primary data from 200 workers and Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regression, the model explains 85,13% of wage variation. All classical OLS assumptions were satisfied, ensuring the validity of the estimates. The results reveal that productivity is the strongest determinant of wages, followed by skills and education, each of which demonstrates a significant and positive effect. Work experience exhibits a concave non-linear pattern, indicating diminishing returns beyond an optimal point, though all respondents remain in the ascending phase. These findings confirm that wages are shaped not solely by formal education but by the interplay of human capital, specific competencies, and actual worker output. The study implies that regional economic performance can be meaningfully improved through integrated policies encompassing expanded access to education, industry-based skills training, and sustained productivity enhancement programs
Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis determinan upah tenaga kerja di Kabupaten Tangerang dengan memasukkan variabel pendidikan, keterampilan, produktivitas, dan pengalaman kerja sebagai faktor penjelas. Menggunakan data primer dari 200 responden dan metode regresi Ordinary Least Squares (OLS), model mampu menjelaskan 85,13% variasi upah. Seluruh asumsi klasik OLS terpenuhi sehingga hasil estimasi dapat diinterpretasikan secara valid. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa produktivitas merupakan determinan upah terkuat, diikuti oleh keterampilan dan pendidikan yang masing-masing berpengaruh positif dan signifikan. Pengalaman kerja menunjukkan pola non-linear yang konkaf, mengindikasikan adanya diminishing return setelah titik optimal, meskipun seluruh responden masih berada pada fase peningkatan upah. Temuan ini menegaskan bahwa upah tidak semata ditentukan oleh pendidikan formal, melainkan merupakan hasil interaksi antara modal manusia, kompetensi spesifik, dan output aktual pekerja. Penelitian ini mengimplikasikan bahwa kinerja ekonomi regional dapat ditingkatkan melalui kebijakan terpadu yang mencakup perluasan akses pendidikan, pelatihan keterampilan berbasis industri, dan program peningkatan produktivitas tenaga kerja secara berkelanjutan.
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