Analysis of Education Level and Unemployment Towards The Gini Index in East Java
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37058/wlfr.v7i1.351Keywords:
income inequality, education level, unemployment, Gini index, East JavaAbstract
This study aims to analyze the effect of education level and open unemployment rate on income inequality as measured by the Gini Index in East Java during the 2007–2024 period. The study applies a quantitative explanatory approach using time series secondary data obtained from Badan Pusat Statistik. Data analysis was conducted through multiple linear regression after fulfilling classical assumption tests, including normality, multicollinearity, heteroskedasticity, and autocorrelation tests. The results indicate that the education level, proxied by average years of schooling, does not have a statistically significant effect on the Gini Index. In contrast, the open unemployment rate has a significant negative effect on income inequality, indicating that changes in labor market conditions are more influential in shaping income distribution than educational attainment alone. These findings imply that policies aimed at reducing income inequality in East Java should prioritize inclusive employment creation, strengthen labor market absorption, and improve the relevance of education to labor demand to support more equitable regional development
Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis pengaruh tingkat pendidikan dan tingkat pengangguran terbuka terhadap ketimpangan pendapatan yang diukur menggunakan Indeks Gini di Jawa Timur periode 2007–2024. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif eksplanatori dengan data sekunder time series yang diperoleh dari Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS). Teknik analisis data menggunakan regresi linier berganda dengan bantuan software EViews serta melalui uji asumsi klasik yang meliputi uji normalitas, multikolinearitas, heteroskedastisitas, dan autokorelasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tingkat pendidikan yang diproksikan dengan rata-rata lama sekolah tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap Indeks Gini dengan nilai probabilitas sebesar 0,5376. Sementara itu, tingkat pengangguran terbuka berpengaruh signifikan terhadap ketimpangan pendapatan dengan koefisien sebesar –0,015379 dan nilai probabilitas sebesar 0,0267. Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa dinamika pasar tenaga kerja lebih dominan memengaruhi distribusi pendapatan dibandingkan peningkatan pendidikan secara kuantitatif. Keterbatasan penelitian terletak pada penggunaan dua variabel independen dan data tingkat provinsi, sehingga belum mencakup faktor struktural lainnya. Oleh karena itu, kebijakan pengurangan ketimpangan perlu difokuskan pada penciptaan lapangan kerja yang inklusif dan peningkatan kualitas tenaga kerja
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