Publication Ethics

The journal follows the Principles of Transparency and Best Practice in Scholarly Publishing (COPE, DOAJ, OASPA, WAME) and the guidance of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE). Authors must submit original work that is not under consideration elsewhere, must disclose conflicts of interest and funding, and must credit all contributors according to authorship criteria. Research involving human participants must state ethical approval or an exemption statement, together with informed consent where applicable. Allegations of misconduct (plagiarism, data fabrication or falsification, duplicate publication, authorship disputes) are handled following COPE flowcharts. Corrections, retractions, and expressions of concern are published when necessary. Editorial decisions are based on scholarly merit and are not influenced by the nationality, ethnicity, religion, gender, or institutional affiliation of the authors.

Use of generative AI: authors must disclose any use of generative AI tools in the preparation of the manuscript. AI tools cannot be listed as authors, and authors remain fully responsible for the content. Reviewers and editors must not upload confidential manuscripts into public AI tools.